When the sky turns orange and the air smells of ash, it’s already too late to prepare. Wildfires are striking harder and faster than ever, turning long-standing summer traditions into a survival scenario. Whether you’re an outdoor enthusiast, a rural homeowner, or someone simply living near fire-prone areas, knowing how to respond to wildfire smoke is essential. This guide breaks down how to use the AQI index to know when it’s time to act, choose the right N95 mask for smoke protection, and prepare for emergency bivy sack sheltering if you’re caught outside.
Know the Air: How to Use AQI Apps
Why AQI Matters
The Air Quality Index (AQI) gives real-time data on air pollution levels, especially particulate matter (PM2.5) from smoke that can cause serious respiratory problems. Understanding AQI levels helps you decide when to stay indoors, mask up, or evacuate.
Best Apps for AQI Monitoring
- AirVisual (IQAir): Offers real-time AQI maps, forecast, and comparisons between indoor and outdoor air quality.
- EPA’s AirNow App: Developed by the U.S. government, this app is ideal for accurate AQI readings and smoke advisories.
- PurpleAir: Community-powered sensors offer hyperlocal readings, especially useful in rural or mountainous areas where official monitors are sparse.
AQI Safety Ranges
- 0–50: Good – Safe for all.
- 51–100: Moderate – Sensitive groups should limit outdoor time.
- 101–150: Unhealthy for sensitive groups – Consider wearing a mask outdoors.
- 151–200: Unhealthy – Everyone should reduce outdoor activities.
- 201–300+: Very Unhealthy to Hazardous – Stay indoors with sealed windows and air filtration.
Pro Tip: Enable AQI notifications for your area and set up widgets for instant access.
Breathe Safely: Choosing the Right N95 Mask
Why N95?
Cloth masks and surgical masks don’t filter out wildfire smoke particles. N95 respirators are designed to filter at least 95% of airborne particles, including PM2.5.
What to Look For in an N95 Mask
- NIOSH Certification: Ensure the mask is certified by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health.
- Proper Fit: Choose a mask that forms a tight seal around the nose and mouth. Models with adjustable nose clips and straps offer better protection.
- No Exhalation Valves (For Smoke): Masks with valves protect you but not others. For wildfire smoke, opt for valve-free models to avoid spreading respiratory droplets.
Top N95 Models for Smoke Protection
- 3M 8210 (NIOSH-approved, affordable, reliable fit)
- 3M Aura 9205+ (foldable, lightweight, great for glasses wearers)
- Honeywell SAF-T-FIT Plus (secure fit, soft materials for comfort)
Storage Tip: Keep masks sealed in a dry container or ziplock to maintain cleanliness and shape.
Emergency Shelter: Bivy Sack Survival Tactics
When to Use a Bivy Sack
If you’re caught outdoors in a wildfire zone—hiking, camping, or evacuated and stranded—a bivy sack can act as an emergency shelter. It shields you from radiant heat, wind-driven embers, and, in some cases, toxic ash.
Choosing a Fire-Resistant Bivy Sack
- Material Matters: Look for aluminized or fire-retardant materials.
- Breathability: Smoke and sweat can build up quickly; choose models with ventilation features.
- Packability: Lightweight and compact sacks (under 1 lb) are ideal for go-bags or emergency kits.
How to Use in Emergencies
1. Find Low Ground: Avoid ridges or open fields where fire and wind intensify.
2. Clear Combustibles: Move leaves, sticks, and brush away from your chosen spot.
3. Seal & Shelter: Get inside the bivy, seal it as much as possible, and stay low to the ground.
4. Signal for Help: If safe, use a whistle or flashlight to alert rescuers.
Your Wildfire Readiness Gear Stash
A well-prepared stash can mean the difference between safety and panic. Here’s your go-to checklist:
Air Quality & Breathing
- N95 masks (minimum 3 per person)
- Portable air purifier (battery-powered or car-compatible)
- AQI app installed and notifications on
Sheltering & Safety
- Fire-resistant bivy sack
- Emergency foil blanket
- Multi-tool or knife
- LED headlamp with extra batteries
- Lightweight tarp or ground cloth
Navigation & Communication
- Hand-crank or solar-powered radio
- Backup phone battery / power bank
- Offline maps and compass
- Emergency contact card
Health & Comfort
- Eye drops and saline nasal spray
- Bottled water (1 gallon per person per day)
- Energy bars or non-perishable food
- Basic first aid kit
Storage Tips
- Pack gear in a waterproof dry bag
- Label items and check expiration dates annually
- Store one kit in your home and one in your car
Further Reading & Resources
Learn how AQI levels are calculated and get regional smoke forecasts.
Understand health effects and protective measures during wildfire smoke events.
Federal emergency tips for evacuation, sheltering, and creating go-bags.
Access real-time, community-monitored AQI data for your specific location.
